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Exposure modelling

  • Predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) using standard regulatory modelling for all directives, uses, sources, exposure pathways, environmental compartments and receptors according to EU guidelines. For example, using the FOCUS surface water and groundwater models (PRZM, MACRO, TOXSWA, PEARL, PELMO, SWAN and VFSMOD), PERSAM, MED-RICE, EUSES, SimpleTreat, CHESAR, ECPA-LET, DEPOMOD and MAMPEC.
  • Conducting regulatory modelling to zonal and national guidelines using, for example, HARDSPEC, UK higher-tier drainflow, GeoPEARL, GEMS, FROGS, DROPLET, EXPOSIT, EVA, Nordic PECsoil calculator, etc.
  • Calculations of predicted environmental concentrations in soil (PECSOIL) for annual and perennial crops at Tiers 1–3 using the analytical model PERSAM, as well as current versions of the numerical models PEARL and PELMO according to EFSA guidance.
  • Design, characterisation and implementation of higher-tier exposure scenarios for risk refinement. Degradation kinetics assessment of laboratory and field studies including soil, water/sediment systems and soil photodegradation products, to derive persistence and modelling endpoints according to FOCUS and EFSA guidance.
  • Spatially distributed, probabilistic and catchment-scale exposure modelling and risk assessments.
  • Novel modelling approaches, for example, air dispersion modelling using ADMS coupling exposure models with effects and ecological models.
  • Inverse modelling of environmental fate, including aged sorption and degradation, outdoor experimental lysimeter and field leaching studies.

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